01

Matter & States

Matter exists as solids, liquids, gases, or plasma. Understanding these states helps explain how substances behave.

02

Measurements & Units

Chemistry relies on accurate measurement. Learning units and conversions supports lab work and problem-solving.

03

Atoms, Elements & Compounds

Atoms combine to form elements and compounds. These basics build the foundation of all chemical reactions.

04

Mixtures vs Pure Substances

Mixtures blend substances, while pure substances have fixed composition. Knowing the difference helps classify materials.

01

Atomic Structure

Protons, neutrons, and electrons determine an atom’s properties. Understanding structure explains how atoms interact.

02

Electron Configuration

Electrons fill energy levels in predictable patterns. This helps students predict how elements bond.

03

Periodic Table Trends

The periodic table organizes elements by similarities. Trends like reactivity and size help explain chemical behavior.

04

Ions & Isotopes

Atoms may gain charge or vary in neutron number. These changes affect stability and reactions.

01

Types of Reactions

Reactions rearrange atoms to form new substances. Students learn common reaction types like synthesis and combustion.

02

Moles & Molar Mass

The mole links mass to the number of particles. It allows chemists to count atoms using measurable amounts.

03

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry predicts how much product forms from given reactants. It uses balanced equations and mole ratios.

04

Energy & Rates

Reactions absorb or release energy and proceed at different speeds. Temperature and concentration influence reaction rate.

01

Gas, Liquid & Solid Behavior

Different states respond uniquely to temperature and pressure. This explains changes like melting and boiling.

02

Solutions & Concentration

Solutions form when substances dissolve. Concentration measures how much solute is present.

03

Acids & Bases

Acids release hydrogen ions; bases accept them. pH shows how acidic or basic a solution is.

04

Equilibrium Basics

Some reactions proceed forward and backward. At equilibrium, the rate of each direction is balanced.

01

Hydrocarbons

Carbon-based molecules form many structures. Simple hydrocarbons are the building blocks of organic chemistry.

02

Functional Groups

Functional groups give molecules specific properties. Recognizing them helps predict reactions.

03

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids support life. Students learn their basic roles and structures.

04

Polymers

Small molecules can link to form polymers. These materials appear in plastics, fibers, and biological systems.